1. Steel ball customization: According to customer requirements, the production of customized size, material, hardness and other special requirements of steel balls.
2. Steel ball processing: Provide steel ball processing services, such as steel ball grinding, polishing, quenching and other processing technology.
3. Steel ball testing: Quality testing of steel balls, including appearance inspection, size measurement, hardness testing, material analysis, etc.
4. Steel ball packaging: Provide steel ball packaging services, can be packaged according to customer requirements, such as plastic bags, cartons, wooden cases, etc.
5. Steel ball supporting: According to customer needs, provide products with steel ball supporting, such as steel ball bearings, steel ball valves, etc.
1. Steel ball consulting: Provide consulting services on steel balls, including suggestions on the selection, use and maintenance of steel balls.
2. Steel ball after-sales service: Provide steel ball after-sales service, including product quality problem solving, technical support, etc.
3. Steel ball logistics services: Provide steel ball logistics services, including cargo transportation, warehousing, distribution, etc.
4. Steel ball technical support: Provide technical support related to steel balls, including guidance on the application technology and process flow of steel balls.
5. Steel ball training: Provide steel ball related training services, including steel ball production process, quality control and other aspects of training.
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Toyota has made significant progress in the development of next-generation batteries, which could dramatically increase the driving range of electric vehicles. By utilizing a new electrode material primarily composed of sodium, which is abundant in seawater, these batteries promise to be more cost-effective than today’s dominant lithium-ion batteries. Toyota aims to bring this technology to market by approximately 2020, with hopes of revolutionizing the EV industry.
This breakthrough comes from the creation of a cathode material for a "sodium-ion battery," where sodium ions facilitate electron movement. This material combines various phosphates, nickel, and other metals with sodium. During initial testing of coin-sized prototypes, these batteries demonstrated a voltage level approximately 30% higher than that of lithium-ion batteries under standard conditions. While further analysis is needed, Toyota anticipates that this could lead to a substantial increase in the continuous driving range of electric vehicles. The company is optimistic that achieving a range of 500 to 1,000 kilometers is within reach.
Currently, the maximum driving range on a single charge for hybrid vehicles is around 1,000 kilometers. For full adoption of electric vehicles, Toyota believes ranges between 500 and 1,000 kilometers are essential. However, current lithium-ion batteries only offer about 200 kilometers of range, with some experts suggesting that even 300 kilometers might be the upper limit when using this technology.
Toyota is also exploring alternative battery types such as "all-solid-state batteries" and "air batteries." While some analysts doubt that sodium-ion batteries can outperform lithium-ion batteries, they remain a promising contender in Toyota's efforts to push the boundaries of energy storage technology. The potential of sodium-ion batteries lies not only in their affordability but also in their environmental friendliness, making them a strong candidate for widespread implementation in the future.