Yellowing Resistance Test Chamber A yellowing resistance test chamber is a specialized piece of equipment used to evaluate the yellowing resistance of materials. It is commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and construction to assess the long-term color stability of materials exposed to various environmental conditions. Yellowing Resistance Experiment,Yellowing Resistance Test Chamber,Yellowing resistance aging test chamber Dongguan Best Instrument Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.best-tester.com
The test chamber simulates accelerated aging conditions by subjecting the material to controlled levels of heat, humidity, and UV radiation. These factors can cause materials to undergo yellowing or discoloration over time, which can negatively impact their aesthetic appeal and performance.
During the test, samples of the material are placed inside the chamber, and the temperature, humidity, and UV exposure levels are adjusted according to the desired testing parameters. The samples are typically monitored over a specified period, and any changes in color or yellowing are visually assessed.
The yellowing resistance test chamber helps manufacturers determine the durability and color stability of materials, allowing them to make informed decisions regarding product development and quality control. It can also be used to compare the yellowing resistance of different materials or evaluate the effectiveness of protective coatings or additives in preventing yellowing.
Overall, the yellowing resistance test chamber is an essential tool for industries that rely on materials with long-lasting color stability, ensuring that products maintain their desired appearance even after prolonged exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
Shale gas development in China is still in its early stages, with a range of policies currently under development. Yang Lei, a senior official from the National Energy Administration, disclosed that the "Shale Gas Industry Policy" and the "Measures for the Management of Natural Gas Infrastructure Operations" have been drafted and are awaiting formal approval. These policies aim to address existing challenges such as unclear regulatory frameworks, limited pipeline infrastructure, and obstacles hindering shale gas development.
In addition to the Ministry of Land and Resources, which oversees mineral rights, the National Energy Administration is also actively working on supporting policies for shale gas. At the 2013 International Shale Gas Technology Exchange Conference, Yang Lei emphasized that these two key documents are nearly finalized and will be released soon. Their implementation is expected to bring clarity and structure to the industry, helping to accelerate the growth of domestic shale gas production.
One major issue has been the overlap between shale gas blocks and traditional natural gas mineral rights, with over 70% of current blocks overlapping. This has previously posed a challenge for new entrants. However, Che Dongbo from the Ministry of Land and Resources confirmed that efforts to resolve this issue are progressing smoothly. Last year alone, 280,000 square kilometers of overlapping areas were reclaimed, and some of these could potentially be re-licensed for shale gas exploration.
The Ministry of Land and Resources issued Notice No. 159 in 2012, which outlines specific guidelines for managing overlapping mineral rights. The notice encourages the exploration and exploitation of shale gas within existing oil and gas blocks, provided that proper procedures are followed. It also allows for the establishment of separate shale gas prospecting rights in certain cases, ensuring that potential resources are not left untapped.
For blocks where oil and gas exploration is underdeveloped but there is potential for shale gas, the government has stated that companies should not withdraw their rights if they do not conduct shale gas exploration. This helps maintain access to these areas for future development.
Regarding the resolution of mineral rights, Lei Huaiyu from PetroChina noted that while the process may take time, it is likely to be completed within six months. He also pointed out that the cost difference between natural gas and shale gas mineral rights—30,000 yuan per square kilometer for shale gas compared to 10,000 for conventional gas—is manageable given the long-term investment required.
Shale gas development carries high risks and uncertain returns, and the subsidy policy introduced by the Ministry of Finance and the National Energy Administration reflects this. While subsidies are available for utilization, they are not extended during the exploration phase, meaning companies must bear the initial costs themselves.
Looking ahead, the "Shale Gas Industry Policy" is expected to cover areas such as technological research, the establishment of demonstration zones, production targets, and foreign cooperation contracts. Although the partnership between CNPC and Shell is still being finalized, Yang Lei suggested that a sharing contract under the current framework is the most probable model.
Meanwhile, the "Measures for the Management of Natural Gas Infrastructure Operations" aims to improve access to pipelines controlled by state-owned enterprises like PetroChina and Sinopec. With limited pipeline networks in emerging shale gas regions, fair third-party access is crucial to encouraging more companies to enter the market. The new measures will not overhaul the existing system but will introduce provisions to allow all gas sources to connect to the network, with pipelines acting purely as transport conduits.