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Salvia splendens, commonly known as firecracker red, cannon red, or red sage, is a vibrant flowering plant native to South America. This annual herb is widely cultivated for its striking red inflorescences that bloom for long periods and maintain their color well. It's often used in public spaces, gardens, and event venues due to its festive appearance and strong ornamental value. With its bright red flowers, it’s a popular choice for flower beds, borders, and potted displays, especially during major holidays like May Day, National Day, and the Chinese New Year.
The plant has a slender, erect stem that can grow up to 90 cm tall, with opposite, ovate leaves that are serrated along the edges. The terminal racemes bear small, tubular flowers covered in fine red hairs. These flowers have a distinctive two-lipped corolla, with the upper lip forming a hood and the lower lip split into three lobes. After blooming, the plant produces small, oval nutlets containing dark brown seeds.
Salvia splendens thrives in warm, sunny conditions but can tolerate partial shade. It prefers well-drained, loamy soil rich in organic matter. It is sensitive to cold temperatures, with growth slowing significantly below 15°C. Frost can cause severe damage, making it suitable for cultivation in temperate climates or under controlled greenhouse conditions.
Cultivation of Salvia splendens begins with preparing a nutrient-rich seedbed using garden soil mixed with compost and a small amount of phosphorus fertilizer. Seeds should be pre-soaked in warm water for 6 hours before being sown in early spring. Germination typically takes about a week at 21–23°C, and seedlings should be transplanted once they have 2–3 true leaves. Regular watering and proper light are essential for healthy growth.
Once established, the plants benefit from periodic pruning to encourage branching and more blooms. Fertilization with a balanced mix of phosphorus and potassium helps support vigorous growth. During the summer, care must be taken to avoid excessive heat and waterlogging, which can lead to yellowing leaves and reduced flowering.
Seed collection is best done when the central flowers begin to turn white and the sepals dry out. The entire inflorescence is harvested, dried thoroughly, and stored in a cool, dry place for future planting.
Pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites can affect the plant, so regular monitoring and appropriate treatments—such as insecticides or natural predators—are important for maintaining plant health. Diseases like leaf spot and mosaic virus require prompt action, including removal of infected plants and preventive spraying.
Overall, Salvia splendens is a versatile and visually appealing plant that adds color and vibrancy to any garden or landscape, making it a favorite among horticulturists and garden enthusiasts alike.