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Striped ebony and regular ebony are both members of the mahogany family, but they belong to different subcategories. While they share some similarities, they also have distinct differences that set them apart.
Striped ebony, sometimes referred to as "ebony," gets its name from the visible stripes in its heartwood. According to China's national standard for "Redwood," striped ebony has been classified separately from regular ebony. Both species belong to the genus *Diospyros* in the Ebenaceae family. The main difference lies in their wood color: regular ebony has a deep black heartwood, while striped ebony features a dark black or chestnut brown heartwood with lighter streaks running through it.
Historically, striped ebony was known by various names such as "Wenmu" or "Wuwenmu" in ancient Chinese texts. During the Jin Dynasty, it was called "Cui Bao." Ancient records mention that "Wenmu" was valued for its black color and intricate patterns, often used for making whips and other tools. In Japan, both striped ebony and regular ebony are recognized, with descriptions noting the presence of gray or reddish-brown stripes on the black heartwood.
In modern China, the term "ebony" is often used broadly to refer to several types of dark-wooded species, including striped ebony, black rosewood (*D. fusca*), and even some non-redwood woods. Consumers should be cautious when purchasing furniture labeled with terms like "black sandalwood" or "Ukrainian wood," as these may not always refer to true striped ebony. It’s important to request the official name listed in the "Redwood" national standard. Experts emphasize that striped ebony has light-colored stripes on a dark background, not the other way around.
**Types of Striped Ebony and Their Characteristics**
*Sulawesi Ebony*: This variety comes from large trees that can grow up to 40 meters tall. The trunk diameter ranges from 80 to 100 cm, and the roots can extend up to 4 meters deep. Found mainly in Sulawesi, Indonesia, this type of wood has a loose structure with no clear growth rings. The heartwood is typically black or chestnut brown, featuring distinctive black and chestnut brown stripes. The vessels are visible to the naked eye, and the wood contains natural gum. It has a glossy finish, no strong odor, and a fine texture. The air-dry density is around 1.09 g/cm³, making it very heavy and highly resistant to decay. However, it can be prone to cracking and shrinking during drying.
*Philippine Ebony*: Smaller in size compared to Sulawesi ebony, this species is native to the Philippines. Its heartwood is predominantly black, with occasional chestnut brown streaks. The vessels are only visible under magnification, and the wood contains dark brown gum. It has a smooth surface, no distinct smell, and a very fine grain. The air-dry density varies between 0.78 to 1.09 g/cm³, making it moderately heavy. It also exhibits similar shrinkage and cracking tendencies as Sulawesi ebony.