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Organic solar cells are gaining significant attention due to their unique advantages, such as chemical versatility, lightweight design, and the ability to be fabricated into large-area flexible devices. These features make them one of the most promising and rapidly evolving areas in photovoltaic research. Inverted device structures, which use ITO as the cathode and high-work-function metals as the anode, offer improved stability compared to traditional designs. However, a key challenge arises from the energy level mismatch between ITO and the acceptor material, such as PCBM. To address this, an interfacial layer is typically introduced between the ITO and the active layer, enabling better ohmic contact and enhancing electron extraction and collection efficiency.
Alcohol-soluble organic molecules have emerged as effective cathode interface materials, capable of reducing the work function of ITO and improving the overall performance of the photovoltaic device. These materials are not only highly soluble but also easy to process into thin films, making them ideal for practical applications. Researchers led by Fang Junfeng at the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, developed a novel alcohol-soluble conjugated small molecule with optimized conjugated units. This breakthrough resulted in a solar cell with an impressive power conversion efficiency of 9.2%, setting a new global benchmark.
Studies have shown that alcohol-soluble small molecules with extended conjugation systems can create more hydrophobic cathode interfaces. This leads to improved morphology of the active layer, resulting in higher short-circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), both of which contribute to enhanced device efficiency. These findings open up new possibilities for designing advanced organic interface materials. The results were published in *Advanced Energy Materials* (DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201400359) and a Chinese patent was filed (No. 201310264027.7).
In addition to these developments, the research group has also explored various other organic and inorganic interface materials, achieving notable success. Their work has been featured in reputable journals such as *ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces* (DOI: 10.1021/am404423k, 10.1021/am403829k, 10.1021/am405622q) and *Journal of Colloid and Interface Science* (DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.057).
The research has received strong support from multiple funding sources, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ 100-Talents Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Youth Project, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, and the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation. This comprehensive support underscores the significance and potential of their contributions to the field of photovoltaic interface materials.