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In recent days, some media outlets reported that Yuan Longping, known as the "father of hybrid rice," mentioned in an interview that he is working on transferring the four-carbon genes from maize into rice to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and boost yields. He also emphasized that genetic modification could be a key direction for future agricultural development. This news has sparked widespread interest and discussion among the public.
On the 3rd, Xinhua News Agency reached out to Deng Qiyun, a senior scientist at the State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and a disciple of Academician Yuan Longping. Deng clarified that while the research on transferring the four-carbon genes from corn to rice is still in the early stages of technical discussion, it remains far from practical application. The process is complex and involves numerous scientific challenges.
Deng explained that crops like rice, wheat, and soybeans are classified as C3 plants, while corn and sugarcane are C4 plants. Generally, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic efficiency, leading to greater yields. If scientists can successfully transfer the C4 genes into C3 crops like rice, it could potentially increase yield by over 30%.
Currently, this research is still in the academic stage and has not yet been applied in real-world farming. It is also unrelated to the ongoing super rice breeding programs. Deng described the project as a "century-long endeavor" that would take many years to fully develop and implement.
Academician Yuan Longping sent Deng Qiyun to the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2002 to collaborate with experts on this research. However, as one of the earliest researchers involved in this project, Deng admitted that it might be difficult to see significant results within a single lifetime.
According to reports, Yuan Longping stated that genetic modification is a promising future direction, but he cautioned against generalizing its potential. Deng added that scientists have long been exploring ways to improve the productivity of C3 plants. Even back in the 1950s and 1960s, researchers were experimenting with techniques like "compartmental effect screening" to identify the "key factors" behind C3 plant performance. Today, GM technology offers new possibilities, and while it's an exciting area of exploration, it's not the only path forward.
Deng also noted that there is still much room for improvement in traditional agricultural methods. "I believe conventional techniques can achieve up to 1200 kg per mu," he said.
In December 2013, Yuan Longping, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the pioneer of hybrid rice, announced three major high-tech grain research projects in Changsha, Hunan. These projects aim to address different yield levels across China, including the "Three-Four-Four-Four-Four" high-yield initiative, the "Three-Year Personal Food Yield Project," and the four-stage super rice project targeting 1,000 kilograms per mu.
Yuan Longping highlighted that the fourth phase of the super rice project aims to break the 1,000-kilogram-per-mu yield barrier this year. To achieve this, his team has selected 30 strong parent lines and is using molecular technology to create the most optimal combinations. In 2014, they plan to establish 10 demonstration plots across Hunan Province, aiming to produce two fields that exceed the 1,000-kilogram target.