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In 2013, one of the most prominent terms was "high-tech," and global capital markets remained highly speculative about technology stocks. Beyond that, high-tech innovations also played a critical role in disaster-stricken areas, particularly in Sichuan. According to media reports, a breakthrough came in the form of the "magnesium air reserve battery" developed by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This device gained significant attention during the Sichuan earthquake relief efforts.
The magnesium air reserve battery is capable of powering a 10-watt LED light for 30 days or fully charging up to 200 smartphones. Analysts believe that due to its unique advantages—such as high energy density and long shelf life—it could drive increased demand for magnesium metal in the future. The battery’s energy density reaches 800 watt-hours per kilogram, making it far more efficient than traditional lead-acid batteries used in cars.
During the Lushan earthquake, scientific relief teams were among the many groups working on the ground. Among them, a team equipped with magnesium air reserve batteries stood out. These lightweight, portable power sources became essential for both rescuers and victims. In the tents set up at Jiang Weilu, the “charger†and “lighting lamp†provided by scientists were in high demand, loved by both military personnel and locals.
This compact device, weighing just over a kilogram and measuring 1.2 liters, was brought specifically for the disaster zone by Sun Gongquan, a leading scientist from the Dalian Institute. He explained that the battery doesn’t require conventional charging; instead, it can be activated by adding water. It can power a 10-watt LED light for 30 days or charge hundreds of smartphones, making it an invaluable tool in emergency situations.
Although still in the early stages of development, the magnesium air reserve battery has shown great promise. Research led by the Dalian Institute focuses on improving the performance of metal-air batteries, including magnesium, lithium, zinc, and aluminum. Scientists are addressing challenges such as anode corrosion, cathode stability, and solid product management to enhance efficiency and reduce costs.
Currently, the prototype of the magnesium air battery has achieved a specific energy of 700 Wh/kg, which is internationally competitive. Its ability to operate for up to 10 years without use, and to be reactivated quickly by adding water, makes it ideal for military communications, marine rescue equipment, and high-altitude radar systems.
Beyond disaster relief, magnesium air batteries have also been explored for electric vehicles. South Korea's Korea Academy of Science and Technology recently tested the world’s first magnesium-air battery-powered car, which can travel up to 800 kilometers on a full charge. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, magnesium-air batteries offer five times the energy density and significantly shorter charging times. However, challenges remain, such as low reaction efficiency and slow cathode response.
To overcome these issues, researchers are experimenting with new materials to improve the performance of magnesium anodes and air cathodes. Despite progress, commercialization of magnesium-air batteries for electric vehicles is still in the early stages. High fuel costs currently make them less viable compared to gasoline-powered cars. However, experts like Dr. Cho Byung-won believe that once recovery technologies for magnesium hydroxide are refined, the cost will drop significantly, paving the way for broader adoption.
As the technology advances, the vision of a magnesium-air battery-powered car may soon become a reality.