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With the rapid advancement of digital and network technologies, access control systems have evolved significantly. No longer limited to simple door locks and keys, modern access control has transformed into a comprehensive security management solution. These systems play a crucial role in maintaining workplace safety, managing employee attendance, and controlling entry to restricted areas.
**Components of a Building Access Control System**
1. **Access Controller**
The brain of the system, similar to a computer’s CPU. It processes input data, stores information, and manages the overall operation of the access control system.
2. **Reader (Identifier)**
This device reads information from an access card, such as biometric data or a unique code, to verify the identity of the user.
3. **Electric Lock**
The actuator that controls the locking mechanism of the door. The choice of lock depends on the type of door, security needs, and fire safety regulations. Common types include:
- **Electromagnetic Lock**: When power is cut off, the door automatically opens, meeting fire safety standards. It is ideal for one-way wooden doors, glass doors, and fire doors.
- **Anode Lock**: A power-off lock that also meets fire safety requirements. It is installed at the top of the door frame and includes a door magnetic sensor to monitor the door's status in real time. Suitable for two-way doors.
- **Cathode Lock**: Normally open when powered. Used for one-way wooden doors and requires a backup power supply (UPS) to ensure it remains locked during power outages.
4. **Card**
A physical key used to gain access. Personal photos can be printed on the card, combining the function of an access card and an ID badge.
5. **Other Equipment**
- **Exit Button**: Allows users to open the door without restrictions on the exit side.
- **Magnetic Sensor**: Detects whether the door is open or closed and ensures it is properly secured.
- **Power Supply**: Includes both standard and backup power sources with battery support to ensure continuous system operation.
These components work together to create a secure, efficient, and intelligent access control environment, making it essential for modern buildings and organizations.