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In recent days, some media outlets reported that Yuan Longping, known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice," mentioned in an interview that he is working on transferring the four-carbon genes from maize into rice to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and boost crop yields. He also expressed his belief that genetic modification represents the future direction of agricultural development. This statement sparked significant attention within the scientific community and the public.
On the 3rd, Xinhua News Agency reached out to Deng Qiyun, a senior scientist at the State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice and a disciple of Academician Yuan Longping. Deng clarified that while the research on transferring the four-carbon genes from maize to rice is currently at the stage of technical discussion, it is still far from practical application. He emphasized the complexity and challenges involved in such a project.
Deng explained that crops like rice, wheat, and soybeans are classified as C3 plants, whereas corn and sugarcane are C4 plants. Generally, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic efficiency, leading to greater productivity. If the C4 genes can be successfully introduced into C3 crops like rice, yield increases of over 30% could potentially be achieved. However, this research remains in the academic discussion phase and has not yet been applied in real-world farming practices. It is also unrelated to the current super rice breeding initiatives.
He added that fully mastering this technology would be a long-term challenge, calling it a "century project" that may take decades to complete. Although Yuan Longping sent Deng Qiyun to the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2002 to collaborate with experts on this research, Deng admitted that achieving meaningful results within a single lifetime might be difficult.
According to reports, Yuan Longping stated that genetic modification is the future of agriculture, but Deng Qiyun noted that this should not be generalized. He explained that scientists have long been exploring ways to improve the productivity of C3 plants. Even in the 1950s and 1960s, researchers were using methods like "compartmental effect screening" to identify key traits. Today, GM technology offers new possibilities, and while it's an interesting area to explore, it's not the only solution.
Deng also pointed out that conventional agricultural techniques still have considerable room for improvement. "I believe that traditional methods can achieve yields of up to 1200 kilograms per mu," he said.
In December 2013, Yuan Longping, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the pioneer of hybrid rice, announced the launch of three major high-tech grain research projects in Changsha, Hunan. These projects aimed to address different yield levels across China, including the "Three-Four-Four-Four-Four" high-yield initiative, the "Three-Year Feeding a Person" high-yield project, and the four-stage super rice project targeting 1,000 kilograms per mu.
Yuan Longping highlighted that the fourth phase of the super rice project aimed to break the 1,000-kilogram-per-mu yield barrier. To achieve this, his team selected 30 strong parent lines and used molecular technology to develop the most optimal combinations. In 2014, they planned to establish 10 demonstration plots across Hunan Province, aiming to produce two sites where yields could exceed 1,000 kg per mu.