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The iris is a perennial, upright herb that typically grows between 30 to 50 cm in height. Its rhizome is multi-segmented, thick, and short between the nodes, with a pale yellow color. The leaves are sword-shaped, gradually tapering at the tip, measuring 2 to 4 cm in width and 30 to 45 cm in length. They are thin, pale green, and arranged alternately in two rows, with their bases overlapping.
This plant blooms from spring to early summer, producing racemes with 1 to 2 branches, each bearing 2 to 3 flowers. The flowers have a butterfly-like shape, with blue-purple or purple-white petals measuring approximately 10 cm in diameter. Three of the outer petals are large and rounded, while the inner ones are smaller and also rounded. The outer flowers are dark purple, featuring a row of white, cock-like protrusions lined with purple on the central side. Flowering occurs from April to June, with fruiting following from June to August. The plant has three stamens, with the outer perianth forming a style, and three flat styles that resemble petals, covering the stamens.
The leaves display a variety of colors, including blue, purple, yellow, white, and reddish tones. The flowers are large and strikingly beautiful. The capsule is long and elliptical, with six distinct ribs. A notable variant features white flowers with a pale yellow marking at the base of the outer petals.
The plant is a perennial, with membranous sheaths and fibrous remains from old leaves at its base. The rhizomes are thick and bifurcated, about 1 cm in diameter, and grow diagonally. The roots are thin and short. The leaves are basal, yellow-green, slightly curved, and widest in the middle, shaped like wide swords, ranging from 15 to 50 cm in length and 1.5 to 3.5 cm in width. The tips are acuminate or short-acuminate, and the base is sheath-like, with several inconspicuous longitudinal veins.
The flower stems are smooth, reaching 20 to 40 cm in height, often with 1 to 2 short side branches near the top. There are 1 to 2 stem leaves in the middle and lower parts. The sepals are green, grassy, membranous, and pale, pleated or elongated ovoid, measuring 5 to 7.5 cm in length and 2 to 2.5 cm in width. Each branch contains 1 to 2 flowers. The flowers are blue-purple, with a diameter of around 10 cm. The pedicels are very short, and the perianth tube is slender, about 3 cm long, expanding into a trumpet shape at the top.
The outer petals are lobed, round or broadly ovate, measuring 5 to 6 cm in length and 4 cm in width, slightly concave at the top, with narrow cuneate claws. The midrib features irregular cock-like appendages, which are braided in an irregular pattern. The inner petals are elliptic, 4.5 to 5 cm long and 3 cm wide. When fully open, the flowers flatten out, with the claws suddenly tapering. The stamens are about 2.5 cm long, with bright yellow anthers and slender white filaments.
The style branches are flat and light blue, about 3.5 cm long, with nearly square apical lobes and sparse teeth. The ovary is spindle-shaped and cylindrical, 1.8 to 2 cm long. The capsule is long elliptical or obovate, 4.5 to 6 cm in length and 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, with six distinct ribs. It splits into three valves from top to bottom when mature. The seeds are dark brown, pear-shaped, and without any appendages. The flowering period occurs from April to May, with fruiting from June to August.