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The domestic access control market has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by the rapid development of the economy and favorable government policies. The security products market in China has been expanding rapidly, with access control systems playing a key role in this expansion. According to comprehensive survey data, the domestic access control system reached 3.84 billion yuan in 2009, and is expected to surpass 5 billion yuan in 2010, representing an annual growth of around 30%. This period marks a time of intense competition, with various players vying for market share.
In terms of product types, 4-door and 2-door controllers dominate the market. By value, 4-door controllers account for approximately 50% of the market, while 2-door controllers make up about 40%. Single-door and multi-door controllers together represent around 10%. When looking at sales volume, single-door controllers are the most popular, accounting for 45% of the total, followed by 2-door (30%), 4-door (20%), and others (5%). In terms of product tiers, high-end products make up about 25% of the market, while mid- and low-end products constitute the remaining 75%.
From the perspective of front-end identification devices, non-contact IC cards remain the dominant choice, capturing around 90% of the market. In terms of revenue, 4-door and 2-door controllers continue to lead, while in terms of volume, single-door and 2-door controllers have the highest sales. High-end readers still maintain a 1:3 ratio compared to mid- and low-end options.
System architecture currently includes RS485, hybrid RS485/IP, and full IP networks. While RS485 remains the most popular, all-IP architectures are gaining traction, though they are not yet mainstream. Hybrid systems combining RS485 and IP are increasingly favored by users due to their flexibility and reliability.
Card reading technology is advancing rapidly. CPU cards are gradually replacing traditional IC cards, but it will take time before they become the norm. Biometric technologies such as fingerprint, palm, and facial recognition are gaining popularity, especially in integrated systems that require compatibility across multiple technologies.
Linkage technology is also evolving, with higher demands placed on integration with video surveillance, fire alarms, and building automation systems. Linkage methods are shifting from hardware-based to software-based solutions, especially with the rise of IP networks, which offer greater flexibility and scalability for digital and networked systems.
In terms of card applications, access control is moving toward a unified solution, often referred to as “one card, one library, one platform.†This trend is gaining acceptance in the market, particularly in sectors like education and healthcare.
Several factors are driving the growth of the physical access control market. These include increased government influence, faster adoption of new technologies, the rise of multifunctional smart cards, growing security requirements, and the need for cost-effective, future-ready solutions.
First, government involvement is increasing, especially in sectors like healthcare, food processing, and utilities. Regulations and safety standards are becoming more stringent, affecting both public and private sectors.
Second, the adoption of new technologies, including IP connectivity, is accelerating. IP controllers are expected to capture 42.7% of the market by 2013, driven by lower installation costs, reduced cabling needs, and enhanced functionality.
Third, the trend toward multi-application smart cards is strong. Institutions like universities are pushing for cards that can support existing systems and add new features. Banks and corporations are also adopting similar models, such as Bank of America’s employee card, which supports payments and access control.
Fourth, security between cards and readers is becoming more critical. With more data stored on cards, stronger authentication and encryption are needed. Two-factor authentication and biometric templates are being integrated to enhance security.
Fifth, total cost of ownership (TCO) is a major driver. Customers are now considering long-term costs, including maintenance, upgrades, and ROI. Product lifecycles are shortening due to rapid technological changes, forcing businesses to maximize existing investments and ensure system compatibility and scalability.
Sustainability is also emerging as an important factor. The industry is exploring energy-efficient building automation solutions, with early signs of progress and falling cost barriers indicating a shift toward greener access control systems.
Looking ahead, the access control market is evolving in several key directions. Reader technology is becoming more robust, with non-contact and biometric solutions reducing wear and tear. Decentralized control is also on the rise, with smart controllers and cards taking on more responsibility. New specifications may emerge, integrating biometric data directly into cards and using encryption to secure access.
As data communication evolves, reliance on wired connections is decreasing. Wireless and network-based systems are becoming the foundation for future information management and access control solutions.