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The iris is a perennial, upright herb that typically grows between 30 to 50 cm in height. Its rhizome is multi-segmented, thick, and short between the nodes, with a pale yellow color. The leaves are sword-shaped, gradually tapering at the tip, measuring 2 to 4 cm in width and 30 to 45 cm in length. They are thin, pale green, and arranged alternately in two rows, with the bases overlapping.
This plant blooms from spring to early summer, producing racemes with 1 to 2 branches, each bearing 2 to 3 flowers. The flowers have a butterfly-like appearance, with a corolla in shades of blue-purple or purple-white, reaching about 10 cm in diameter. Three larger outer petals are rounded, while the inner three are smaller and also rounded. The outer petals are dark purple, featuring a row of white, cock-like protrusions lined with purple on the central side. The flowering season runs from April to June, with fruiting occurring between June and August. It has three stamens, with an outer perianth tube and three flat styles that resemble petals, covering the stamens.
The leaves come in various colors, including blue, purple, yellow, white, and reddish tones. The flowers are large and strikingly beautiful. The capsule is long and elliptical, featuring six distinct ribs. One variant has white flowers with a pale yellow marking at the base of the outer petals.
The plant is a perennial herb, with membranous sheaths and fibrous remains from old leaves at its base. The rhizomes are thick and bifurcated, approximately 1 cm in diameter, growing diagonally. The roots are thin and short. The leaves grow from the base, appearing yellow-green, slightly curved, and wide in the middle, shaped like a broad sword. They range from 15 to 50 cm in length and 1.5 to 3.5 cm in width, with an acuminate or short-acuminate tip and a sheath-like base. They have several inconspicuous longitudinal veins.
The flower stems are smooth, standing 20 to 40 cm tall, often with 1 to 2 short side branches near the top. There are 1 to 2 small leaves along the middle and lower parts of the stem. The sepals number 2 to 3, green, grassy, membranous, and pale, with a pleated or long-ovoid shape, measuring 5 to 7.5 cm in length and 2 to 2.5 cm in width. They have an acuminate or long-acuminate tip and contain 1 to 2 flowers. The flowers are blue-purple, about 10 cm in diameter, with very short pedicels. The perianth tube is slender, around 3 cm long, expanding into a trumpet shape at the top.
The outer petals are lobed, round or broadly ovate, measuring 5 to 6 cm in length and about 4 cm in width. They are slightly concave at the top, with a narrow cuneate claw. A midrib features irregular cock-like appendages, which are braided in an uneven pattern. The inner petals are elliptic, 4.5 to 5 cm long and 3 cm wide. When fully open, the flowers flatten out, and the claws taper abruptly. The stamens are about 2.5 cm long, with bright yellow anthers and slender white filaments.
The style branches are flat and light blue, around 3.5 cm long, with nearly square apical lobes and sparse teeth. The ovary is spindle-shaped and cylindrical, 1.8 to 2 cm long. The capsule is long elliptical or obovate, 4.5 to 6 cm in length and 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, with six distinct ribs. It splits into three valves from top to bottom when mature. The seeds are dark brown, pear-shaped, and lack any appendages. The flowering period occurs from April to May, with fruiting taking place from June to August.