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**Spray Gun Maintenance and Usage Guide**
Newly purchased spray guns are typically coated with anti-corrosion oil and must be thoroughly cleaned before first use. Begin by removing the nozzle and placing it in a shallow container filled with a small amount of thinner. This step helps to dissolve any residual oil or grease, ensuring smooth operation. The same thinner can be reused for subsequent cleanings, but always aim to minimize usage to reduce waste and environmental impact. Be sure to clean all parts carefully, especially the threads and nozzles, to remove any grease or metal debris.
Next, fill the paint cup halfway with warm soapy water. Attach it to the spray gun and shake vigorously to clean both the cup and siphon tube. Then, spray the soapy water through the gun to flush out the internal components. For stubborn dirt that doesn’t come off with soap, use nitrocellulose thinner or alcohol to wipe away any remaining residue. Always wear gloves, a respirator, and work in a well-ventilated area when using these chemicals.
Experienced painters often prefer to use minimal amounts of thinner. Whether you're working with nitrocellulose or water-based paints, using about 1 ounce of thinner is usually sufficient. Avoid spraying thinner directly into the nozzle, as this can be wasteful. Instead, remove the nozzle and gently brush it with a soft brush, repeating the process several times until clean. Afterward, dry the paint cup and other parts completely.
Once the cleaning process is complete, the used thinner should not be poured down the sink or spilled outside. If there's only a small amount, let it evaporate naturally or spray it onto an exhaust fan to help it dissipate safely. Be cautious of flammable vapors accumulating in enclosed spaces, as this could pose a fire hazard.
**Connecting the Air Hose**
To connect the spray gun to a compressed air source, you'll need a suitable adapter. A standard 1/4" male metal gas fitting can be screwed onto the gun. To prevent air leaks, wrap a dry rubber strip around the threads. Most compressed air hoses have an inner diameter of either 5/16" or 3/8". For shorter hoses (less than 25 feet), a 5/16" hose is sufficient. For longer lengths (over 50 feet), a 3/8" hose is recommended to maintain proper air pressure.
Air pressure settings depend on the length of the hose:
- 15 feet: 30 psi
- 25 feet: 35 psi
- 50 feet: 40 psi
**Using the Regulating Valve**
Before using the spray gun for the first time, practice with water. Fill the paint cup halfway with water and blow out any excess after each session. Adjust the air flow valve counterclockwise to open the trigger fully. Press the trigger and slowly open the flow control valve to regulate the paint output. The flow control valve adjusts how much paint is sprayed, while the fan control valve shapes the spray pattern. Turning the fan control valve opens the pattern into an oval, while closing it makes it round. Adjust both valves together for optimal results.
Loosen the nozzle clamp and rotate the nozzle to adjust the spray direction—either horizontally or vertically. This allows for greater flexibility when painting different surfaces.
**Understanding Spray Pressure**
The ideal air pressure varies depending on the type of paint and the job at hand. Generally, lower pressure is better for fine details, while higher pressure is needed for larger areas. Some common pressure ranges include:
- 15–20 psi: Cleaning, primer, thin coats, and thinners
- 20–25 psi: Smooth finishes, especially for lacquers
- 35–45 psi: Primer or top coat application
- 50 psi: Water-based coatings
Always try to use the lowest effective pressure to avoid overspray and wasted material. If the spray pattern isn't even, increase the pressure slightly.
**Paint Dilution**
Most spray guns come with a 1.8mm nozzle that can handle a wide range of paints without dilution, including water-based paints, seal primers, solvents, and varnishes. However, if you’re working with thicker paints, you may need to dilute them. A general starting point is a 1:2 ratio of thinner to paint. For thin layers or color matching, add more thinner as needed. Before applying undiluted paint, test it to ensure it sprays smoothly without droplets or foam. If necessary, adjust the air pressure accordingly.
**Paint Loading**
After stirring or shaking the paint thoroughly, pour it into the paint cup in one go. Invert the paint bucket for a few minutes to allow the paint to drip fully into the cup. Gently tap the bucket to encourage any remaining paint to drain. Cover the paint bucket immediately to prevent it from drying out or degrading.
**Spraying Technique**
Maintain a distance of 5–8 inches (12–20 cm) between the spray gun and the surface being painted. Press the trigger and test the spray pattern to ensure it looks even. Lacquer should appear wet, while water-based paint should look semi-dry. Keep the gun perpendicular to the surface and move it parallel to avoid uneven coverage. Overlap each pass by about one-third to ensure full coverage.
Adjust the speed based on your experience. Too slow may cause buildup, while too fast may lead to a rough finish. When painting a vehicle, use a long handle for easier maneuvering. Start from the top and work your way down, spraying one side before moving to the other.
When painting vertical surfaces, keep the gun moving quickly to prevent sagging. For horizontal surfaces, adjust the spray pattern to a vertical oval shape and spray from left to right, overlapping each pass by one-third.
**Cleaning After Use**
If you’re doing intermittent painting, you don’t need to fully clean the gun after every session. Remove the air hose and paint cup, then press the trigger to let any remaining paint drip into the cup. Once done, follow the full cleaning procedure as outlined earlier.
After cleaning, a small amount of thinner may remain in the cup. You can reattach the cup to the gun without pressing the trigger, which prevents the thinner from being drawn back into the system. This method is not suitable for water-based paints.
**Cleaning After Water-Based Paint**
After each use, pour the remaining water-based paint back into its container. Rinse the gun with water, then fill the paint cup with a little water, shake it, and spray it out. Wipe any excess paint from the exterior, then rinse the gun under running water. Turn it upside down and flush the siphon with warm water to clear the nozzle. Dry all parts thoroughly after cleaning.
**Conclusion**
Proper maintenance and correct usage of a spray gun are essential for achieving high-quality results and extending the life of the equipment. Whether you're working with traditional lacquers or modern water-based paints, following these guidelines will help you stay safe, efficient, and professional.
**Tag:** spray gun, paint, water-based paint, closed primer, evaporative gas
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