Paint spray gun technology

**Spray Gun Maintenance and Usage Guide** Newly purchased spray guns are typically coated with anti-corrosion oil and must be thoroughly cleaned before use. Begin by removing the nozzle and placing it in a small container filled with thinner. This step helps to dissolve any residual oil or debris. The same thinner can be reused for cleaning after each session. When using or reusing thinner, always aim to minimize its consumption—not only to reduce waste but also to prevent environmental harm. Be sure to clean all grease and metal particles from the nozzles and threaded parts carefully. To clean the paint cup and siphon, fill the cup halfway with warm soapy water and attach it to the spray gun. Shake the gun vigorously to ensure thorough cleaning of internal components. Then, spray the soapy water through the gun to flush out any remaining residue from the internal piping. If there is stubborn dirt that won’t come off with soapy water, use nitrocellulose thinner or alcohol to remove it. Always wear gloves and a respirator when operating the spray gun, and make sure you're working in a well-ventilated area. Note: Experienced painters often prefer to use as little thinner as possible. Whether using nitrocellulose or water-based paints, just 1 ounce of thinner or water is usually enough for cleaning. It’s not efficient to spray thinner directly through the nozzle. Instead, remove the nozzle and use a soft brush to clean it. Repeat this process several times, then dry the paint cup and other parts thoroughly. After multiple cleanings, the used thinner becomes contaminated and should not be poured down the sink or spilled outside. If the amount of waste is small, let it evaporate naturally or spray it onto an exhaust fan for safe evaporation. Never allow flammable thinner vapors to accumulate in enclosed spaces, as this could lead to dangerous explosions. **Connecting the Air Hose** To connect the spray gun to a compressed air source, you’ll need a suitable adapter. A standard male 1/4" metal gas fitting can be screwed onto the gun. Wrap a dry rubber strip around the threads to prevent air leaks. Most compressed air hoses have an inner diameter of either 5/16" or 3/8". For shorter hoses (less than 25 feet), a 5/16" hose is sufficient. For longer hoses (over 50 feet), a 3/8" diameter hose is recommended. The air pressure adjustment depends on the length of the hose: - 15-foot hose: 30 psi - 25-foot hose: 35 psi - 50-foot hose: 40 psi **Using the Regulating Valve** When using the spray gun for the first time, practice with water. Fill the paint cup halfway with water and blow out the excess after practice. - Turn off the fan and flow control by turning them clockwise. - Turn the air flow valve counterclockwise until it opens fully. - Press the trigger and slowly open the flow control valve. This controls the amount of paint being sprayed. As you adjust the flow, the spray pattern should remain round. For small objects or fine finishes, close the small flow valve; for large areas, open the larger one to increase paint output. Adjust the flow and fan controls together for optimal performance. The fan control adjusts the shape of the spray pattern. Opening it creates an oval pattern, while closing it makes it round. You can adjust the pattern based on your needs. If the pattern width increases, increase the paint flow accordingly. Loosen the nozzle clamp and rotate the nozzle to adjust the direction of the spray pattern—either horizontally or vertically. **Air Pressure Settings** Different pressures affect the spray outcome: - 15–20 psi: Cleaning, primer, thin coatings - 20–25 psi: Smooth finish, especially for lacquers - 35–45 psi: Primer or top coat application - 50 psi: Water-based coatings As long as the paint can be atomized and sprayed evenly, keep the pressure as low as possible. If the pattern isn’t flat enough, you can slightly increase the pressure. **Dilution** The 1.8mm nozzle allows for direct spraying of many types of paint without dilution, including water-based paints, seal primers, solvents, and varnishes. There are various ways to dilute paint depending on the desired effect. Start with a 1:2 ratio of thinner to paint. If you’re applying thin layers or need to match colors, add more thinner. Before starting, test undiluted paint. If droplets or foam appear, gradually add more thinner until the spray pattern is even and smooth. You can also adjust the air pressure if needed. **Paint Injection** Once the paint is mixed thoroughly, pour it into the paint cup at once. Invert the paint bucket for about a minute to let the paint drip completely. Gently tap the bucket to help the remaining paint drain. Cover the bucket immediately after use to prevent drying or degradation. **Spraying Technique** Maintain a distance of 5–8 inches (12–20 cm) between the spray gun and the surface. Press the trigger and test the spray pattern to ensure it's normal. Fresh lacquer should look wet, while water-based paint should appear semi-dry. Keep the gun perpendicular to the surface and move it parallel, maintaining a consistent distance. Avoid curving the movement to prevent uneven overlap. Each spray should overlap the previous one by about one-third. Adjust the speed based on experience. Too slow may cause buildup, while too fast can result in a rough finish. When painting a vehicle, use a long handle for better reach. Start from the top and work downward, spraying one side before the other. For vertical surfaces, adjust the spray pattern to a vertical oval and spray from left to right. Overlap each pass by one-third to ensure full coverage. Spraying from top to bottom helps prevent drips from forming. **Cleaning After Lacquer Use** If you're working intermittently, you don't need to clean the gun every time. Remove the air hose and paint cup, then press the trigger to let any remaining paint drip into the cup. Follow the full cleaning steps afterward. After cleaning, a small amount of thinner may remain in the cup. You can reattach the cup to the gun without waiting for the next use. However, avoid pressing the trigger after final cleaning to prevent thinner from returning to the cup. This ensures internal parts stay clean and prevents clogging. Note: This method is not suitable for water-based paints. **Cleaning After Water-Based Paint** After each use, pour the water-based paint back into the container and rinse the gun with water. Once the paint is controlled, add a small amount of water to the cup, shake it, and spray it out. Wipe any excess paint from the exterior, then place the gun in the sink and rinse it thoroughly. Flip the gun upside down and flush the siphon with warm water to ensure all residue is removed. Dry all parts after cleaning. --- *Tag: spray gun, paint, water-based paint, closed primer, evaporative gas* *Previous: How to Achieve Smooth Spraying with an Automatic Sprayer | Next: The Three Elements of a Spray Gun*

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