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**Abstract**
In 2013, the global economy was slowly recovering, while China's domestic economic growth faced some slowdown. Despite these challenges, the country’s oil and chemical industry remained generally stable, with accelerated production growth and improved overall efficiency. The process of industrial transformation and upgrading continued steadily, but the sector still faced increasing downward pressures and several unresolved issues.
**I. Analysis of Industry Operations in 2013**
**(1) Stable Overall Economic Performance**
Throughout 2013, the added value of the petroleum and chemical industry grew by 8% year-on-year, contributing 13.23% to the national industrial output. The chemical industry alone accounted for 12.2%. Revenue reached 12.94 trillion yuan, up 8.94%, with the chemical sector earning 8.11 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.88%. Profit totaled 840.27 billion yuan, rising 5.64%, with the chemical industry reporting a profit of 433.99 billion yuan, up 12.23%. This marked a significant improvement compared to the previous year’s 0.66% and 4% growth. Additionally, the number of loss-making enterprises decreased by 0.43%, and total losses fell by 12.53%.
**(2) Steady Growth in Product Output**
From January to December, crude oil output reached 208 million tons, up 1.65% year-on-year. Crude oil processing volume hit 479 million tons, an increase of 3.31%. Natural gas production rose to 112.94 billion cubic meters, growing 9.1%. Other key products also saw growth: caustic soda increased by 6.6%, soda ash by 0.6%, calcium carbide by 16.2%, ethylene by 8.5%, and fertilizers by 4.9%. However, phosphorus fertilizer output declined by 1.4%. Pesticide output rose 1.6%, while primary plastics increased by 11%, synthetic fiber monomers by 4.7%, and tire casing production by 7.2%.
**(3) Overall Improvement in Chemical Efficiency**
The profit of basic chemical raw materials reached 94.31 billion yuan, up 18.7% from the previous year. Inorganic acids, bases, and salts showed strong recovery, with growth rates increasing by 21.2% and 88.8%, respectively. Organic chemicals, pesticides, rubber products, and specialty chemicals continued to grow rapidly, with profits reaching 56.89 billion, 22.93 billion, 59.31 billion, and 112.01 billion yuan, respectively. However, the fertilizer industry struggled, with profits dropping 19.2%, particularly for nitrogen, phosphate, and potash fertilizers, which fell by 51.4%, 30.9%, and 46.4% respectively.
**(4) Import and Export Trends Remain Stable**
Total import and export volume for the petroleum and chemical industry reached 641.4 billion USD, up 2.6% year-on-year. The trade deficit stood at 289.89 billion USD, down slightly from the previous year. Imports totaled 465.65 billion USD, an increase of 1.7%, with crude oil imports rising 4.1% to 282 million tons. The industry's exports reached 175.76 billion USD, up 5%, with chemical exports reaching 145.84 billion USD, a 4.2% rise. Rubber products exports grew 9.2%, accounting for 27.2% of the total. Pesticides and synthetic fiber polymers saw increases of 31% and 27.3%, respectively, while fertilizer exports fell by 14.1%.
**(5) Continued Optimization of Investment Structure**
Fixed asset investment in the industry totaled 2 trillion yuan, up 19.1% year-on-year. New projects numbered 11,720, a 3% increase. The chemical industry invested 1.41 trillion yuan, up 14.6%. Investments in synthetic resin, coatings, pesticides, and organic chemicals rose significantly, outpacing the industry average. Meanwhile, investments in overcapacity sectors like inorganic acids and phosphate fertilizers continued to decline.
**(6) Further Improvement in Economic Growth Structure**
The share of resource-based products declined, while technical products increased. The chemical industry's main business income accounted for 62.7% of the total, up 3 percentage points. Organic chemicals, rubber products, and specialty chemicals made up 13.1%, 13.7%, and 25.8% of the industry, respectively, showing growth. In contrast, inorganic chemicals and fertilizers saw declines. Key technologies such as trans-isoamyl rubber and methanol-based aromatic hydrocarbons made breakthroughs, and advanced materials grew faster than the industry average.
**II. Outstanding Issues Facing the Industry**
**(1) Persistent Overcapacity in Certain Sectors**
Some traditional chemical industries continue to face supply-demand imbalances. Capacity utilization rates remain low, and the exit mechanism for outdated capacity is not well developed. Prices have been sluggish, with methanol, PVC, caustic soda, and urea operating at 60%, 65%, 75%, and 80% capacity, respectively. Prices for methanol and PVC were low, while caustic soda and urea dropped by 18.4% and 13.4%. Some new chemical materials and fine chemicals are also experiencing overheating due to technological breakthroughs.
**(2) High Operating Costs**
Despite lower coal prices, other costs—such as labor, electricity, transportation, and environmental protection—rose, increasing overall industry costs. Main business costs rose 9.9% year-on-year, higher than revenue growth. The cost per 100 yuan of revenue in the chemical industry reached 87 yuan, up 0.41 yuan. Profits lagged behind revenue growth by 3.3 and 0.6 percentage points.
**(3) Insufficient Self-Sufficiency in High-End Products**
High-end chemical materials and specialty chemicals are still in the research phase, with limited application. For example, carbon fiber has been industrialized, but high-cost and quality issues persist. Engineering plastics, though technologically advanced, still struggle to compete with foreign firms. Insufficient investment and slow product development remain major obstacles.
**(4) Challenging Safety and Environmental Conditions**
Environmental and safety concerns are severe. Public awareness has increased, leading to greater scrutiny of chemical projects. Many chemical companies are now surrounded by residential areas, requiring relocation to specialized parks. However, these parks often suffer from poor planning, overdevelopment, and low management standards, creating potential risks.
**III. Outlook for 2014**
Globally, economic growth is expected to improve, and China’s reforms will enhance market-driven resource allocation. Urbanization, agricultural modernization, and green industries will provide new opportunities. However, deep-seated issues remain, including overcapacity, high costs, fierce competition, weak innovation, and ongoing safety and environmental challenges. The industry is expected to maintain moderate growth in demand, with prices remaining stable or rebounding.
**IV. Key Work in 2014**
The focus will be on improving planning, policies, and standards to guide the industry. Efforts will include strengthening fertilizer and pesticide management, promoting new chemical materials, and enhancing safety and environmental regulations. These initiatives aim to support sustainable and safe development while meeting growing domestic and international demands.
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