Stretching molybdenum disulfide crystals to create energy gap variable semiconductors

Recently, a research team at Stanford University in the United States first stretched a semiconductor with a variable energy gap by stretching a crystal lattice of molybdenum disulfide. With this semiconductor, scientists are expected to create solar cells that can absorb more light energy.

Many electronic products are inseparable from semiconductors. In order for semiconductors to be used, engineers must know exactly how much energy it takes for electrons to pass through a crystal lattice. This energy metering is called the energy gap, which helps scientists decide which material is better for performing an electronic task.

The molybdenum disulfide used by the research team is a rock crystal. The material itself is very common, but Zheng Xiaolin, a mechanical engineer at Stanford University, and physicist Harry Manohara, have shown that the arrangement of the molybdenum disulfide crystal lattice gives it a unique electronic character.

Molybdenum disulfide is a substance having a single-layer atomic structure: a molybdenum atom is connected to two sulfur atoms, and this triangular crystal lattice is continuously repeated on a horizontal plane to form a paper-like structure. Molybdenum disulfide natural rock is the result of a stack of multiple such single layer structures. "From a mechanical engineering point of view, a single layer of molybdenum disulfide is very fascinating because its crystal lattice can be stretched greatly without breaking." Zheng Xiaolin said.

According to Stanford University's official website, the research team engraved rugged "mountain peaks" and "valleys" on the chip, laying a single-layer atomic structure of molybdenum disulfide on it, and then stretching the crystal lattice of molybdenum disulfide to "Valley" or "mountain". This stretching changes the energy required for electrons to move in the molybdenum disulfide crystal lattice and produces an intraocular lens with a variable energy gap.

In 2010, after the British scientists Andre Gem and Konstantin Novoserov won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of graphene with a single-layer carbon atom structure, scientists have been very interested in the material of single-layer atomic structure. In 2012, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology stretched the crystal lattice of molybdenum disulfide in a simulation experiment and theoretically changed the energy gap of molybdenum disulfide. The Stanford University research team actually achieved the stretching of the molybdenum disulfide crystal lattice through this experiment.

Researchers believe that this experiment laid the foundation for further innovation in the artificial crystal structure of the scientific community. Manoharan believes that this research will have a wide impact on many fields such as sensors and solar energy. In the solar field, this artificial crystal structure has the potential to be used to make more efficient solar cells because it is sensitive to a wider range of spectra.

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