Relationship between human behavioral stage and fire development stage 1 ( b ) The relationship between fire development stages and personnel behavior in Thurston student residence hall 1, Thurston student dormitory construction and fire safety facilities The building is a nine-story building with a basement. There is a canteen in the basement, an office, a service desk and student dormitories on the first floor, and student residences on the 2nd to 9th floors. 878 students and 20 waiters were assigned to 283 rooms. There is an exit staircase in each of the northwest and southeast corners of the building and Class B fire doors are installed . Corridors are carpeted, and the fire resistance rating of the walls is 1h . The ceilings of the hallways are made of metal mesh and non-combustible materials. Partially installed fire alarm system, portable fire extinguishers throughout the entire building. 2 , the development stage of fire Based on the memories of students and firefighters, the development of fire can be divided into three phases based on the development of fire and smoke during the fire, as listed in the table below. (1) corridor fire At 03:45 , the fire broke out from the northwest corner of the five-story corridor and spread southward along the West Corridor to 3/4 of the length of the West Corridor and eastward along the North Corridor to 1/2 of the length of the North Corridor . The entire five-story corridor was covered in light smoke and the distance was only 6m . (2) The fire spreads to Room 533 and the corridor is booming At 0:47 , students in the 533 room opened the door to observe the fire. Because they did not close the door in time, convection occurred . The 533 was immediately swallowed by the fire, and the corridor ignited. The smoke rapidly filled the space between the ground and the suspended ceiling. The visibility was less than 1m . (3) Fire extinguishing 3:55 The firefighters reached the fire floor, and the 4:15 fire was extinguished. Corridors, walls, suspended ceilings and 533 rooms in the hallway caused serious fire damage. 3 , human behavior stage Based on the stage of fire development, the personnel's behavior is divided into three phases, as listed in the table below. (1) Detecting Fire The five students in the room near the fire caught the unusual noise in the corridor and looked at the fire from their rooms. The students in Room 533 did not close the door when they fled. (2) Alarm, start evacuation Several classmates who caught fire immediately awakened their classmates in the same room. The local alarm system was activated to awaken the waiter in the hall. The service immediately informed the Ding fire brigade. As there have been many false alarms in this building, students under the fire floor rarely have evacuation. Of the 397 people surveyed , 64 % confirmed that they had caught fire through shouting. When the bells did not ring, most people tried to sleep again. (3) Evacuation Due to the difference in location from the fire point, evacuation took place from approximately 3:48 to 3:55 . In general, as alarm information continues to increase, when sleeping students feel that the alarm information is a real fire, evacuation will begin immediately. ( III ) The Relationship between Stages of Fire Development and Human Behavior in the Harbin Swan Hotel 1. The structure and fire safety facilities of the Swan Hotel The Swan Hotel is 47 meters high . It is a 11-story reinforced concrete frame structure with 13 floors. The electrical wiring is all iron pipes. The 2 to 11 floors are rooms. The interior is covered with combustible plastic veneers and carpets. There are 13 pipelines running through the entire building. There are no other buildings adjoining. The entire building has no automatic alarm device, no evacuation indicator, and no water spray facilities. The fire hydrant did not emit water on the day of the fire. Evacuation stairs are locked as a warehouse. 2 , the development stage of fire The fire broke out in the middle of the night. When people confirmed the fire, the fire had reached the stage of a flash fire in room 1116. Flames and smoke quickly engulfed the corridor. (1) 1116 room fire 1116 The owner of the room smoked after a drink, and the unburned cigarette butts fell on the bed and ignited the bedding. After the tenant wakes up, he opens the door and causes convection. The smoldering fire turns into an open flame and flashes off. (2) corridor fire At 0:10 , fire emerges from the doors and windows of the fire room, and smoke spreads into the hallway. The room 1116 has very low visibility at the door, no lights are visible, the flame spreads along the carpet along the carpet and plastics, and the fire and smoke seal. Central open stairs and engulf part of the room. (3) Fire extinguishing After the fire brigade arrived at the scene, four water guns were attacked from the north to the south, cooperating up and down, and storming in close combat. 3 , human behavior stage (1) Escape from the fire 1116 When passengers wake up, they climb up from the bed, climb twice after climbing, climb to the door, open the door, leave the room, and even climb up to the stairs, causing indoor air convection and smouldering into an open flame. Causes a flash fire. (2) Alarm and Escape The 11th floor passengers and waiters were awakened several times and were alerted because of the failure of the telephone line. There have been four waiters from the 10th floor to extinguish fire extinguishers from the stairs. As the fire engulfed the entire corridor, the smoke was blocking the line of sight, so the fire was not effective. The waiter lifted the stair carpet to stop the flame from spreading to the stairs. In the room where the fire broke out, room 1123 rushed out the door and rang the door of each room and alerted the passengers. 1114 The passenger rushed out of the room and escaped from the central ladder to the first floor to call the police. 1118 The passenger tried to pass through the thick blankets of smoke. Unsuccessful. After returning to the room, he was forced to escape by breaking the window down to the 10th floor. The behavioral responses of the above-mentioned victims showed that they have a certain level of cultural accomplishment and eliminate safety knowledge. There were 5 restaurant workers in 1110. Due to laughing and joking, they learned that the fire was late. After the door was opened, the fierce fire rushed into the room. Five people jumped in the window and four people died. One person was lucky enough to ride on the 10- story window. . Tourists on the street facing the building resorted to the window sill and the sudden edge of the exterior wall. They waited outside the window to wait for the rescue. (3) Behavior Stage 3 - Rescue and Extinguishing After the fire brigade arrived at the scene, the mood of the trapped passengers was shouted with high pitched horns. One side evacuated the 20 victims of the eleventh floor to the safe area through two corridor corridor stairs and outdoor ladders . Third, the consistent relationship between the human behavior stage and the fire development stage As it can be seen from the above case of fire and fire staff behavior stage in the development stage with a time sequential consistency, but also can find the fire development phase determines the behavior of people in the fire, in turn, human behavior (such as the disposal of the initial fire) and Affects the development of the fire. Due to the discovery that fires may have differences sooner or later, the first phase of the fire divided during the study was at a different stage of development. There was an early stage of small fires, and there were also developmental boomings. However, the human behavior stage and fire development stage still followed the time sequence. The law of consistency. This is because the stages of fire development and human behavior are two consecutive natural phenomena that develop in the same public time sequence in a fire. Fourth, the emergence of flashing is a spontaneous signal of evacuation There have been significant flashes of fire in the Georgian apartment fires, fires in the Swans Hotel, fires in Thurston , and fires in residential buildings in the Songjiang Hutong. According to the analysis of the above several cases of fire, it can be seen that the appearance of flashover has a significant impact on human behavior. The appearance of flashover can be seen as a spontaneous evacuation signal. After the fire broke out in the indoor fire, the fire broke out from the windows, doors and other holes ( such as the wiring channel, the space above the ceiling, etc. ) , and the smoke concentration suddenly increased. The diffusion speed of smoke increases significantly. At this moment, people’s behavior is the most active. Panic, clustering and escape are all triggered by the fire. In the Georgian apartment fire in room 214 after the "flashover" The whole story is full of smoke, evacuation behavior transformed from room 214 1 human behavior is human behavior the whole building. In the Thurston student dormitory fire, after the fire broke out in the corridor, the visibility of the fire area was less than 1 meter . Five students who found awakening awakened the students in the same room. At this time, the local alarm system was activated, which caused the staff of the dormitory building. Behavioral response. In the fire in the residential building of Songjiang Hutong, after the discovery of fire at 1:40 in the morning , the fire has reached the stage of “flashing fireâ€. The sound of “squeaky†wakes people from deep sleep, and the door is covered with smoke and fire. The shouts at this time immediately led to the rapid evacuation of residents of the entire stratum. Based on a brief analysis of the above-mentioned several fire cases, it is not difficult to see that due to the appearance of “flashing fireâ€, the behavior activity of a few people in the building began to change into behavior activities of all occupants, and the main behavior of all occupants Performance is evacuation. It is very important to understand the deflagration, prevent the flash fire from reducing fire damage, and stabilize the emotions of the victims. The flash fire generally refers to the indoor fire. When the room temperature reaches 300 °C or more, the sudden increase of the fire due to the broken glass or the sudden opening of doors and windows causes a sudden increase in the fire. All the combustibles in the room suddenly fire, and the temperature in the combustion zone is 400 °C. — 500 °C rises sharply to 800 °C ~ 900 °C . After the flashover occurred, the flame tongue ran out of the room opening, and the rising speed of high-temperature smoke and hot air rose sharply from 1 to 2 m/s in the early stage of the fire to 9 m /s . The fire entered its peak period. In general, if the fire brigade is in a boom, After the fire arrives at the scene, the fire is difficult to control, and the focus of the fight should be on controlling the spread of the fire.        In actual practice, it was found that in the case of a fire in a rescue room, if the initial fire is handled properly, flashover can be avoided. The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network . (Finish) The product description of Long rod Composite Suspension Insulator
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