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In recent years, the Chinese government has made significant progress in enhancing the security and functionality of the national ID card system. Starting from 2004, under the unified deployment of the State Council, the Ministry of Public Security initiated a nationwide effort to reissue second-generation resident ID cards. These new cards are equipped with non-contact IC chip technology, allowing both visual and machine-readable functions. The embedded chips use digital anti-counterfeiting measures, making them highly secure and difficult to replicate.
Over the past decade, more than 1.2 billion second-generation ID cards have been issued across the country, and they are now widely used in various sectors of society. However, issues such as lost or stolen IDs continue to raise concerns among citizens. Many netizens suggest that the ID card should be further upgraded with stronger anti-theft features. Experts agree that increasing penalties for ID-related crimes is essential. Currently, individuals caught using someone else's ID or forging one may face fines ranging from 200 to 1,000 yuan or up to 10 days of detention. While these penalties exist, some legal professionals argue that they are insufficient compared to the profits gained from illegal activities.
To address these challenges, technological upgrades are seen as a key solution. According to Sun Mo, a legal expert, advanced fingerprint recognition technology can significantly improve the security of ID cards. For example, if an ID is lost, the system can automatically flag it as canceled, preventing its misuse. This would help cut off the supply chain of fake ID trading. The newly revised "Law on Identity Cards" now requires citizens to register their fingerprints when applying for, renewing, or replacing their ID cards. This move not only enhances security but also helps social security units quickly verify the identity of individuals, reducing the risk of identity fraud.
As of now, over 16,000 police stations nationwide have begun collecting fingerprint data for ID cards, with a full rollout expected by the end of the year. Citizens who wish to replace their ID cards early can visit local police stations to obtain a new one with fingerprint information. This upgrade is not just a technical improvement—it represents a major shift in how personal identification is managed in China.
The scale of this project is unprecedented. With China’s massive population, the second-generation ID fingerprint initiative is set to become the largest fingerprint application project in the world. This has created vast business opportunities for security companies specializing in biometric technologies. As one of the first cities to implement the new system, Shanghai has attracted considerable attention from industry players, including well-known firms like Shanghai Putian, Neusoft Group, and Central Control Technology.
Although the principle behind fingerprint recognition seems straightforward—using the unique and unchanging characteristics of a person’s fingerprint—the actual implementation requires high-quality equipment and systems. These systems must be capable of accurately capturing and processing fingerprints, even under less-than-ideal conditions, such as dry or damaged fingers. This demands advanced imaging technology with strong fault tolerance and adaptability.
In addition to technical improvements, public awareness is also important. Authorities remind citizens to promptly renew their ID cards after losing them. Unlike bank cards, which are replaced with new numbers upon loss, an ID card retains its unique code and information throughout a person’s life. Therefore, it is crucial to report a lost ID as soon as possible, either by contacting the police or filing a report at a local station. In case of disputes, the recorded information can serve as evidence.
While the loss of an ID card can cause inconvenience, especially in the past when credit cards were often linked to ID information, the current identity verification system has improved significantly. Today, most institutions check both the photo on the ID and the person presenting it, making it harder to misuse fake documents.
In summary, the evolution of China’s ID card system reflects a broader commitment to enhancing security, efficiency, and public trust. Through technological innovation and legal reinforcement, the government continues to strengthen the integrity of the national identification framework, ensuring it meets the needs of a rapidly modernizing society.