I. Building a garden Choose a plot with flat terrain, sufficient sunshine, good water supply and convenient transportation. For low-lying areas, we must pay attention to improving the conditions of irrigation and drainage in farmland, and open drainage ditch to prevent waterlogging.
Second, change the soil According to the different soil texture, the soil is improved by the method of changing the soil. For the soil that is too heavy, it should be properly mixed with sand and river mud for improvement; for sandy soil with poor fertilizer retention and water retention, it should be mixed with appropriate amount of clay for improvement.
Third, improve the soil organic matter content A large number of applied organic fertilizer, and supplemented with fertilizer. Apply 5,000 to 10,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre, and evenly spread it after tilling, so that it is thoroughly mixed with the soil. Wherever possible, green manure can be planted to increase soil fertility.
4. Expanding the mature soil The agricultural soil layer is shallow, usually about 15 cm, and there is a dense plow bottom. After being converted into a vegetable garden, the cultivation layer can be deepened by deep ploughing. The soil tillage layer after deep tillage is 20-25 cm thick, and the mature soil layer is 30-50 cm thick, forming a deep loose soil layer and expanding the absorption surface of the root system. Long-term supply of nutrients and moisture.
V. Application of chemical fertilizers The absorption of nutrients by vegetables is much greater than that of field crops. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, the absorption of calcium, magnesium and other elements is also more. After Datian is changed to vegetable garden, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased, and it should be rationally applied according to the different types of vegetables to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. In soils with insufficient nutrient supply of calcium and magnesium, it is necessary to apply calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer or fertilizers containing calcium and magnesium, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium magnesium sulfate, boron magnesium fertilizer and the like.
Sixth, cultivation management The newly reformed vegetable garden soil should initially grow vegetables with low requirements on fertilizer and water conditions, such as peas, onions and cabbage. After planting for a period of time, the degree of soil ripening is improved, and after the improvement of water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions, vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers which require higher soil fertility are planted.
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