first part
To convey the spirit of the report “Strengthening the methods of innovation and comprehensively improving the capacity of independent innovation†by Vice Minister Liu Yanhua of the Ministry of Science and Technology; implementing the “Opinions on Strengthening Innovation Methods†jointly issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the China Association for Science and Technology 》.
1. Innovation in scientific thinking, methods and tools has become an important driving force for the development and progress of science and technology.
The innovative method is the means of technological innovation and the content of technological innovation. Advanced innovation methods are an important weapon to enhance the country's ability to independently innovate. In the process of building an innovative country in China, the research, mastery and application of innovative methods are fundamental, fundamental and direct. Complete innovative approaches include innovation in scientific thinking, scientific methods, and scientific tools. The innovation of scientific thinking is a prerequisite for breakthrough and revolutionary progress in science and technology. The breakthrough of scientific methods is an important basis for realizing the leap-forward development of science and technology.
The innovation of scientific tools is the necessary means to carry out scientific research and realize inventions and creations. In the history of modern science, many major scientific discoveries are themselves innovations in these three areas.
In ancient China, there was a "Sun Tzu's Art of War", which has been well-known both at home and abroad for thousands of years. It is not only a must-read for military strategists in the world, but also widely used in modern business, politics, and people's daily behavior and way of life. The reason why Sun Tzu's Art of War is so respected is that it has creatively summed up and integrated military tactics, skills, and routines from the practical experience of numerous wars. This is the military "method innovation" in ancient China. Dacheng’s outstanding achievements fully reflect the significant impact of the “innovative approachâ€. Looking back on the history of human development and the progress of science and technology, every major leap and important discovery are closely related to thinking innovation, method innovation and tool innovation. Without "innovation", human society cannot move forward, and science and technology cannot. Substantial progress. The innovations mentioned here include innovations in thinking, methods and tools. The organic collection of these three can be collectively referred to as “innovative methodsâ€. There are many reasons for the backwardness of science and technology in modern China. One of the reasons why attention to innovation in thinking, methods and tools is not important is one of the more important reasons. Especially since the birth of modern science, especially since the 20th century, the relationship between the innovation of thinking, methods and tools and major scientific discoveries has become closer. According to statistics, since the establishment of the Nobel Prize in 1901, about 60% to 70% have been achieved through innovations in scientific concepts, thinking, methods and means. The famous British philosopher Carl Pearson once regarded scientific methods as "the only way to absolute knowledge or truth." The development of modern and modern science and technology shows that the innovation of scientific thinking, methods and tools has become an important driving force for the development and progress of science and technology.
Second, the necessity and urgency of strengthening the work of innovative methods
In a certain sense, whoever masters the most advanced scientific methods has mastered the priority of technological development. China is currently fully implementing the scientific development concept and implementing the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020) to build an innovative country. To effectively promote the realization of these strategic goals, strengthening scientific thinking, scientific methods and scientific tools innovation is an important and urgent task, which is of great significance to the improvement of China's overall scientific and technological development level and the improvement of technological capabilities.
1. Building an innovative country urgently needs innovative scientific methods
The core of building an innovative country is to enhance the capacity of independent innovation as the strategic basis for the development of science and technology, and to embark on a road of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. To master the initiative in the fierce international competition, we must strengthen the research and innovation of scientific methods in a number of important areas. Only in this way can we master a number of core technologies and key methods, thereby reducing the dependence of technological development on foreign technologies and methods. Improve the ability of independent innovation.
At present, China has not mastered the most advanced scientific methods and methods in the world in terms of national economy and people's livelihood, and even lags behind the international advanced level for decades in some fields, which greatly limits the improvement of China's independent technological innovation capability and restricts innovation. Construction of a country.
2. Breakthrough in methodology is an important basis for realizing the leap-forward development of science and technology
Achieving the leap-forward development of science and technology is the fundamental way for China to transform from a technological power to a technological power. The advanced experience in the history of science and technology has shown that innovation is the key to the development of science and technology. Breakthroughs and innovations in research thinking, methods and tools not only mean entering and occupying the forefront of scientific research and strategic high grounds, but also means taking the lead in opening up new fields and new directions, and possessing a competitive advantage across development. . There are many examples in the history of science and technology that confirm the importance of breakthroughs in thinking, methods and tools for the leap-forward development of science and technology.
For example, in the 1930s, scientists innovatively proposed the use of electron beams instead of light waves for microscopy, which led to the emergence of electron microscopes, which made the magnifications hundreds of times larger than the original optical microscopes, completely solving materials and chemicals. The problem of insufficient magnification of science in the field of microscopic research has brought these fields into the atomic age. The emergence of remote sensing methods and techniques in the 1960s enabled humans to obtain data in the absence of contact with objects and regions, and promoted the leap-forward development of earth science.
The rise of nanotechnology in the 1990s provided scientists with a new means of scientific research and technological development, which led to revolutionary changes in science and technology in many fields such as materials, electronics, and energy. The historical experience of scientific and technological development shows that in order to realize the leap-forward development of science and technology, there must be breakthroughs and innovations in scientific methods. As Nobel laureate Pavlov has pointed out: "Science is advancing with the achievements of research methods."
3. The enhancement of enterprise innovation ability depends on the application and innovation of scientific methods
The enterprise is the main body of a country's economic development. The key to independent innovation of science and technology is the independent innovation of enterprise science and technology. In order to adapt to production development and market demand, enterprises must inevitably develop new technologies, new products and new markets for economic purposes and carry out scientific and technological innovation activities. Companies such as Boeing in the United States, Toyota in Japan, Volkswagen in Germany, etc., have their own large scientific research institutions, and continue to carry out scientific research and technological innovation; this technological innovation behavior of enterprises is itself a new thinking, new methods, new Means to explore the behavior of new instruments and new equipment production. It can be said that the research and innovation of scientific thinking and methods not only provide the necessary knowledge for enterprise R&D, but also the combination of scientific thinking and method research and its combination with advanced scientific research instruments can greatly enhance the R&D capability of enterprises, thereby enhancing the technological innovation capability of enterprises. Market Competitiveness. China is currently in an important period of economic development. Improving the international competitiveness of enterprises is an important task for China's current economic development. However, most enterprises in China still lack innovation ability. The lack of such innovation ability is not only the limitation of the company's own economic strength, but also the imperfect promotion and popularization mechanism of scientific thinking, methods and tools. Therefore, at this stage, it is necessary to increase the capacity building of enterprises in the application and innovation of scientific thinking, methods and tools, and to help improve the independent innovation capability and national competitiveness of enterprises.
4. Popularizing scientific methods and promoting scientific spirit are important means to improve the scientific literacy of the whole people.
Scientific literacy is an important part of the quality of citizens. The scientific literacy of citizens reflects the soft power of a country or region. Independent innovation and technological development depend not only on the material security of the society, but also on the social and cultural environment and the scientific literacy of the general public. At present, the scientific literacy of Chinese citizens is relatively low. According to relevant surveys, the proportion of the population with basic scientific literacy of Chinese citizens in 2003 was only 1.98%, which is far from the level of 17% that the United States has reached in 2001. This is in line with the realization of innovative construction. The requirements of the state and the strategic objectives of building a well-off society in an all-round way have formed a great contrast. This grim situation not only shows the arduousness of China's task of improving the scientific literacy of the whole people, but also demonstrates the importance and urgency of improving the scientific literacy of the whole nation. To improve the scientific literacy of the whole people, we must not only enhance the public's understanding of scientific content, but also raise public awareness of scientific thinking, scientific methods and scientific tools. Only in this way can the public form a concrete and rich grasp of science.
Comprehensively promoting the research and innovation of methods, and strengthening the dissemination of relevant knowledge on this basis, will have an important and far-reaching impact on the overall improvement of the scientific literacy of the whole people. “Independent innovation, methods firstâ€, innovative methods are the fundamental source of independent innovation. Without innovative methods, scientific research and technological development will always be able to track imitation and be subject to people. It can be said that the construction of innovative countries urgently needs innovative scientific methods. At the same time, the breakthrough in methods is an important basis for realizing the leap-forward development of science and technology. The promotion and application of technological innovation methods is an important channel to effectively enhance the innovation capability of enterprises. Popularizing scientific methods and promoting scientific spirit are important means to improve the scientific literacy of the whole people. . At present, we will train a group of innovative talents who master scientific thinking, scientific methods and scientific tools, and promote a batch of scientific methods and scientific tools with independent intellectual property rights. It is very important to cultivate a group of innovative enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and continuous innovation capabilities. important. Thereby providing strong talents, methods and tools for independent innovation strategies and building innovative countries, and greatly enhancing national competitiveness.
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