New energy and building integration is the future direction of construction

According to sources from the Ministry of Finance, the central government has recently allocated 1.7 billion yuan for heating measurement of residential buildings and energy-saving reforms in northern heating districts. In addition to the previously allocated 3.6 billion yuan, the funds allocated in 2012 amounted to 5.3 billion yuan.

According to reports, the central government implemented a “subsidy for awards” method to subsidize energy-saving reconstruction of existing residential buildings in accordance with the standard of 55 yuan per square meter in cold regions and 45 yuan per square meter in cold regions. In 2012, it is estimated that an area of ​​190 million square meters of energy-saving transformation will be completed, and nearly 3 million households will live on "energy-saving greenhouses."

“Building energy consumption accounts for 30% of China’s total energy consumption, and some large cities even reach 40% or more.” Huang Ming, chairman of Huangming Solar Energy Group, has been working hard to promote building energy efficiency in recent years. He accepted it during the “**” period this year. During the interview, he said: "If I can be elected as the representative of the National People's Government in the next term, I will continue to promote building energy conservation legislation. This is my duty and mission."

It is predicted that by 2020 China’s total population will reach 1.472 billion yuan, which will be calculated based on the average living space per capita of 30 square meters in 2020. From now until then, more than 20 billion square meters of new residential buildings will be needed.

The rapid development of construction and housing industry poses a severe challenge to China's energy supply.

What policies do building energy conservation require?

It is proposed to improve the standard system and supporting incentive policies. “The existing building has a major task of energy-saving reconstruction. The northern region has carried out beneficial explorations, but the energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings in the southern region has not yet been effectively carried out. At the same time, energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings is also facing some Difficulties and problems." During the "**" period this year, the CPPCC National Committee members said in an interview.

The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" explicitly stated that it is necessary to "prominently focus on energy conservation in industries, buildings, transportation, and public institutions."

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has also made it clear that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, it is necessary to complete heating measurement of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas and an area of ​​energy-saving transformation of more than 400 million square meters, and start and implement energy conservation in existing buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions. The transformation area is 50 million square meters.

With the "Energy Conservation Law" and "Civil Building Energy Conservation Regulations" issued in succession, building energy conservation has been included in the track of legal governance, but also on the existing building energy-saving reform principles, implementation steps, technical solutions, acceptance evaluation and ** channels, etc. Made clear regulations.

However, the application of low-carbon buildings in the country is still relatively small. The main reason is that the industry has not yet formulated relevant standards, and the country has not introduced relevant incentive policies.

The analysis of the causes of the problems is as follows: First, most of the existing buildings have the characteristics of long-established buildings, complex forms of property rights, and different structural forms. It is difficult to conduct early research and coordination of energy-saving reform; second is the lack of mobility. Existing building owners have incentives to implement energy-saving renovation initiatives. It is difficult to promote energy-saving retrofitting of existing buildings (especially in the southern region). Third, current energy-saving renovations of existing buildings are often led and promoted by government agencies. The market-oriented mechanism for energy conservation reform.

"Therefore, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we must complete the state's proposed goal of energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings, and we must quickly clarify the related policy measures." Kuping believes that it is necessary to establish technical standards for energy-saving transformation in different climate regions and different types of buildings. The system will carry out demonstrations and scientifically guide the energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings.

Zhang Junyi, deputy chief engineer of Tianjin Institute of Architectural Design, suggested that laws, regulations, and evaluation systems applicable to green buildings should be formulated, combining the local climate, resources, economy, and culture, to establish a targeted and feasible green building standard system and implementation. Rules.

In addition, he suggested that while encouraging the application of new materials, new products, and new technologies, it is also necessary to encourage the use of traditional environment-friendly materials in accordance with local conditions.

Chairman of Shandong Jinjing Technology Co., Ltd. ** has been committed to the research and development of energy-saving glass, while focusing on building energy efficiency. He suggested that the energy conservation standard system should be improved to improve the building energy-saving standards and technical indicators; at the same time as the compulsory promotion of energy-saving building materials, it should be assisted with economic incentives and other supporting policies; strengthen the management of green building materials companies and support the requirements through tax reduction and exemption policies. Enterprise Development.

** It is also recommended to increase supervision of building energy conservation and establish a building energy efficiency labeling system. At the same time, strengthen the guidance and supervision of green buildings, and increase the energy conservation awareness and participation enthusiasm of relevant entities.

Sai Ping also suggested that we should refer to the state’s economic incentives to promote the energy conservation of existing buildings in the northern region by granting subsidies of 55 yuan per square meter, explicitly support the financial subsidy standards for implementing energy-saving reforms in the southern region, and further study the implementation of financial subsidies other than Other fiscal incentives. For example, to establish a special energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings**, for energy-saving reconstruction subsidies for existing buildings.

Can new energy architecture integration be promoted?

It is expected that in the future it will replace 30% of the annual demand for electricity in the entire society. "The new energy and building integration (BIPV) will be the new economic growth point, and will become an important driving force for achieving energy-saving emission reduction and promoting the sustainable development of the national economy. "The chairman of the New Energy Chamber of Commerce of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and Li Hanjun, director of the Hanergy Group, said.

The so-called new energy building integration is the combination of solar photovoltaic panels with the roofs and facades of buildings to make full use of solar energy.

At present, the United States, Canada, and the European Union have already implemented bidirectional net electricity billing between the BIPV project and the power grid, so that consumers with BIPV power generation facilities can compare their own bills of electricity with the power grid according to the amount of electricity delivered to the grid. The two-way settlement of repayment is less, that is, only the net consumption is calculated.

It is expected that by 2020, the large-scale application of new energy and building integration can replace about 30% of the annual electricity demand of the entire society. According to calculations, the potential installed capacity of existing and new integrated new energy buildings in the country will be approximately 1 billion kilowatts by 2020, equivalent to 368 new Gezhouba or 45 Three Gorges power stations, and their potential CO2 reduction. The annual volume is about 1.3 billion tons, which is equivalent to about 20% of China's total annual emissions.

Previously, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development clearly stated in the "12th Five-Year Plan" Special Energy-Saving Construction Plan (Draft for Soliciting Opinions) that by the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan," efforts will be made to build renewable energy buildings (mainly photovoltaic integrated buildings). ) The application area is 2.5 billion square meters.

At the same time, government subsidies are also tilted toward BIPV. According to the "Notice on Organizing and Implementing the 2012 Solar Photovoltaic Building Application Demonstration" announced by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on January 5, the subsidy standard for photovoltaic buildings has been increased by 3 yuan per watt compared with 2011.

Li Hejun believes that the significance of large-scale promotion of new energy building integration industry lies in adjusting the industrial structure, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, and transforming the mode of economic growth. From raw materials to finished products, to the final installation and application, it is a typical industrialization process, especially the thin-film solar cell technology with independent technology. The horizontal coverage includes energy-saving and environmental protection, high-end equipment, new materials, and new energy in four industrial fields, and can effectively Promote industrial transformation and upgrading.

“The potential size of the new energy and building integration market will be around RMB 12 trillion, and in addition to pulling equal production of PV modules and other system components, the “multiplier” effect will be driven by reference investment, which will drive more than twice the upstream and downstream. The output growth of the whole industry chain will drive the economic growth scale up to 20 trillion to 40 trillion yuan, accumulatively creating 4 trillion yuan in fiscal revenue. Li Hejun believes that if national related taxation and preferential policies are implemented, BIPV can Marketization.

The National Federation of Industry and Commerce suggests that the state can adopt the practice of large-scale promotion after piloting the site according to the actual situation. The industrial and commercial and residential buildings that have been built or under construction will be subject to a greater degree of deed taxation after the transformation of new energy and building integration. Relevant tax and fee reduction policies for property and property taxes, and the integration of new energy buildings as a precondition for the approval of new construction, encourage self-use and online access, and implement net power settlement with the power grid. At the same time, through the special policies of credit priority and interest rate concessions, the development of integrated enterprises for new energy buildings is encouraged.

How can contract energy management enter the market?

The average energy consumption of large-scale public buildings is 5 to 10 times that of urban residences, and the potential for energy conservation is even greater. "Contract energy management is a way to promote energy-saving reforms through the use of market means as a way of sharing investment through recycling energy-saving benefits and obtaining a reasonable profit. , we should vigorously promote the application."

A large-scale public building (less than 20,000 square meters and a public building with a central air-conditioner) that accounts for less than 3% of the total urban construction and a total of 400-500 million square meters, has high energy consumption per unit area, but is energy-efficient. Great potential.

According to statistics, the average energy consumption of large-scale public buildings in China is 101.77 kWh/m2·year. Compared with the energy consumption per unit area of ​​urban residential buildings in China, 17.4 kWh/m2·year, the average energy consumption of large-scale public buildings is 5～ 10 times. According to calculations, the potential for energy conservation in public buildings is generally above 30%, and some large public buildings can even reach more than 50%.

In the large-scale public buildings and government office buildings in China's energy-saving transformation work, the contract energy management mode has not been widely used. What are the reasons?

First, the amount of business contracts for individual projects is low, and the enthusiasm of enterprises is not high. The same is the energy-saving transformation, industrial energy-saving and building energy-saving contract amount far from the industry, energy-saving projects, the amount of the contract is usually tens of millions, and building energy-saving projects, the contract amount is often only several hundred thousand dollars.

Second, the comprehensive transformation of building energy efficiency is difficult. The comprehensive renovation of building energy efficiency includes many aspects such as building exterior protection structure, electromechanical equipment system, indoor environmental control device, system operation control and adjustment measures, and construction facility operation and management. The organic combination of various technologies can achieve energy-saving effect, and the process is very complicated. At present, there are not many such companies in the industry. Most energy-saving companies can only provide a single product or one or two technologies. Building energy-saving renovations often can only complete some of the easiest links.

Third, the comprehensive transformation period is long and the return is slow. Comprehensive transformation is the fundamental way to solve the problem of building energy conservation. The energy-saving reconstruction of buildings involves the whole process of on-site testing and diagnosis, program analysis, drawing design, product purchase, project implementation, system debugging, and annual operation and maintenance. From the early negotiations to the operation, it can take anywhere from one to two years to as many as four or five years, and it cannot affect the normal operations and operations of the owners.

In addition, the comprehensive reform investment is large, especially the reconstruction of the building curtain wall, doors and windows, insulation, etc., is the basis of energy conservation, and the simple calculation of the investment return period is often more than 10 years, and the effect is slow.

Fourth, there is a lack of restrictions and penalties. Building energy efficiency is an area in which the market mechanism is partially out of order. Incentives and restrictions must be balanced in order to achieve the desired results.

At present, a series of encouragement and reward policies have been issued for building energy conservation in China, which has greatly promoted industrial development and technological progress. However, the current constraints on non-energy-saving buildings are extremely lacking, especially the constraints on management and use are almost “vacuum”. According to calculations, the awareness of energy conservation in operation and maintenance and users has a 36% impact on building energy efficiency.

Government offices and office buildings are the most stable part of energy-saving funds in public buildings, and investment risk in contract energy management is relatively small.

Therefore, experts in the industry suggest that the United States should learn from the experience of the United States and use office buildings of government agencies as a breakthrough for contract energy management. The contract energy management company and government agencies will sign long-term comprehensive transformation contracts to comprehensively carry out comprehensive reforms rather than partial or individual transformations.

The energy consumption quota is a very effective constraint mechanism, but due to the complexity of the construction and internationally mature precedents can be used for reference, the introduction of energy consumption quotas requires a long process.

Prior to this, experts recommended the implementation of public buildings energy consumption publicity system, regularly announced in the important media, the name of the relevant public buildings, the owner and the unit building area energy consumption of 3 items of information. At the same time, the relevant departments should quickly publish the Public Building Energy Consumption Disciplinary Penalty Rules and clarify the responsibilities.

At present, China's subsidy for building energy-saving reforms is too small. Experts recommend increasing the subsidy for building energy-saving reforms, especially to improve the subsidy standards for adopting contract energy management models. At the same time, in order to encourage comprehensive transformation, it is recommended that additional subsidies be provided for building energy-saving projects that meet the scale of transformation or energy savings.

Experts believe that by appropriately increasing the prices of water, electricity and gas in public buildings, such as the use of ladder prices, the awareness of energy conservation in operation and maintenance and users can be increased, and ultimately leading to energy conservation in buildings relying on market mechanisms.